Methods Guideline

Aim of Methods

The purpose of the methods section is to provide a detailed account of the research process so that readers can evaluate the study's validity and reliability. The methods section also serves as a blueprint for the study, helping other researchers replicate the findings.

Rules

Methods must:
- Focus on reproducible procedures.
- Use passive sentences to indicate that the study can be reproduced by anyone.
- Avoid unnecessary expressions.
- Conform to the language style typical of a scholarly article in the field.
- Use technical language suitable for the target journal.
- Spell out abbreviations and acronyms in their first appearance.
- Include a clear, concise topic sentence in each paragraph.
- Use transition phrases between paragraphs for coherence.
- Explicitly indicate species with sample sizes.
- Maintain quantitative measurements as they are written.
- Use LaTeX format.
- Ensure at least 1000 words.

TEMPLATE

[1. Study Design]
Describe the overall study design (e.g., randomized controlled trial, cohort study, cross-sectional study). Include the rationale for choosing this design.

[2. Participants/Subjects]
Describe the study population, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, recruitment methods, and sample size justification.

[3. Materials/Equipment]
List and describe the materials, equipment, or instruments used. Include manufacturer information and specifications where relevant.

[4. Procedures]
Describe the experimental procedures in chronological order. Provide enough detail for replication. Include timing, dosages, and conditions.

[5. Data Collection]
Describe how data were collected, including measurement instruments, their validity and reliability, and data quality control measures.

[6. Data Analysis]
Describe statistical methods used, including software and version. Specify significance levels and any corrections for multiple comparisons.

[7. Ethical Considerations]
Include statements about ethical approval, informed consent, and any relevant declarations.

Examples

For example, the methods below is well-written, following the provided template.

With tags

[START of 1. Study Design] This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study conducted across five academic medical centers between January 2020 and December 2023. The cohort design was selected to enable longitudinal tracking of disease progression. [END of 1. Study Design]

[START of 2. Participants/Subjects] Participants were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics. Inclusion criteria were: age 60-85 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score > 20, and ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or psychiatric disorders. A total of 450 participants were enrolled (n = 150 per group). [END of 2. Participants/Subjects]

[START of 4. Procedures] EEG recordings were obtained using a 64-channel system (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) with electrodes placed according to the international 10-20 system. Recordings were performed in a sound-attenuated, electrically shielded room with participants seated comfortably. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes. [END of 4. Procedures]

[START of 6. Data Analysis] Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9 with SciPy 1.7.0. Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. [END of 6. Data Analysis]

Without tags

This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study conducted across five academic medical centers between January 2020 and December 2023. The cohort design was selected to enable longitudinal tracking of disease progression.

Participants were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics. Inclusion criteria were: age 60-85 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score > 20, and ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or psychiatric disorders. A total of 450 participants were enrolled (n = 150 per group).

EEG recordings were obtained using a 64-channel system (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) with electrodes placed according to the international 10-20 system. Recordings were performed in a sound-attenuated, electrically shielded room with participants seated comfortably. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes.

Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9 with SciPy 1.7.0. Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.

# Methods Guideline
## Aim of Methods
The purpose of the methods section is to provide a detailed account of the research process so that readers can evaluate the study's validity and reliability. The methods section also serves as a blueprint for the study, helping other researchers replicate the findings.
## Rules
Methods must:
- Focus on reproducible procedures.
- Use passive sentences to indicate that the study can be reproduced by anyone.
- Avoid unnecessary expressions.
- Conform to the language style typical of a scholarly article in the field.
- Use technical language suitable for the target journal.
- Spell out abbreviations and acronyms in their first appearance.
- Include a clear, concise topic sentence in each paragraph.
- Use transition phrases between paragraphs for coherence.
- Explicitly indicate species with sample sizes.
- Maintain quantitative measurements as they are written.
- Use LaTeX format.
- Ensure at least 1000 words.
## TEMPLATE
[1. Study Design]
Describe the overall study design (e.g., randomized controlled trial, cohort study, cross-sectional study). Include the rationale for choosing this design.
[2. Participants/Subjects]
Describe the study population, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, recruitment methods, and sample size justification.
[3. Materials/Equipment]
List and describe the materials, equipment, or instruments used. Include manufacturer information and specifications where relevant.
[4. Procedures]
Describe the experimental procedures in chronological order. Provide enough detail for replication. Include timing, dosages, and conditions.
[5. Data Collection]
Describe how data were collected, including measurement instruments, their validity and reliability, and data quality control measures.
[6. Data Analysis]
Describe statistical methods used, including software and version. Specify significance levels and any corrections for multiple comparisons.
[7. Ethical Considerations]
Include statements about ethical approval, informed consent, and any relevant declarations.
## Examples
For example, the methods below is well-written, following the provided template.
## With tags
[START of 1. Study Design] This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study conducted across five academic medical centers between January 2020 and December 2023. The cohort design was selected to enable longitudinal tracking of disease progression. [END of 1. Study Design]
[START of 2. Participants/Subjects] Participants were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics. Inclusion criteria were: age 60-85 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score > 20, and ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or psychiatric disorders. A total of 450 participants were enrolled (n = 150 per group). [END of 2. Participants/Subjects]
[START of 4. Procedures] EEG recordings were obtained using a 64-channel system (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) with electrodes placed according to the international 10-20 system. Recordings were performed in a sound-attenuated, electrically shielded room with participants seated comfortably. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes. [END of 4. Procedures]
[START of 6. Data Analysis] Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9 with SciPy 1.7.0. Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. [END of 6. Data Analysis]
## Without tags
This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study conducted across five academic medical centers between January 2020 and December 2023. The cohort design was selected to enable longitudinal tracking of disease progression.
Participants were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics. Inclusion criteria were: age 60-85 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score > 20, and ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included history of stroke, traumatic brain injury, or psychiatric disorders. A total of 450 participants were enrolled (n = 150 per group).
EEG recordings were obtained using a 64-channel system (Brain Products GmbH, Germany) with electrodes placed according to the international 10-20 system. Recordings were performed in a sound-attenuated, electrically shielded room with participants seated comfortably. Each session lasted approximately 30 minutes.
Statistical analyses were performed using Python 3.9 with SciPy 1.7.0. Group differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.